Dataset Description
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For the Perseverance mission, we have two sources of data:
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
- Physical samples taken from the ground (Samples)
In addition to the data received from Perseverance, we have a dataset linking the LIBS data to the Sample data and we have a dataset detailing features of the various Minerals involved in the Sample data.
The following four sections will go into the details of the datasets involved in these groups. To see the process of creating these datasets look at v1_consistent_data_namind.Rmd. To see where the data came from and discussion on how to update or edit these data sets look at section 3 of roberd10_final.Rmd.
LIBS
The LIBS data comes from Perseverance's SuperCam laser, which points at rocks and scans for the concentration of elemental compounds.
Of the LIBS data, we have two types.
- LIBS scans of Mars rock
- LIBS scans of Earth rock taken to Mars to be used for calibration (scct)
LIBS Scans
This is the LIBS scans of rock actually on mars, you can find this dataset on GitHub here v1_libs.Rds.
The v1_libs.Rds dataset consists of the following columns:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Character | Name of location the LIBS was pointed at | |
| Point | Factor | 1 - 28 | For each target, there are up to 28 "points" |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point |
| Lat | Numeric | Latitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Longitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Type | Character | What is it a scan of? (Sample, AEGIS, other?) | |
| Cluster | Factor | 1 - 4 | What cluster the LIBS point is in in our most common clustering method |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide at target point | |
| SiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Silicon dioxide | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide at target point | |
| TiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Titanium dioxide | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide at target point | |
| Al2O3_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Aluminum trioxide | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides at target point | |
| FeOT_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Iron oxides | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide at target point | |
| MgO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Magnesium oxide | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide at target point | |
| CaO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Calcium oxide | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide at target point | |
| Na2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Sodium oxide | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide at target point | |
| K2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Potassium oxide | |
| Total | Numeric | The sum of concentrations of elemental compounds | |
| distance_mm | Numeric | ||
| Tot.Em. | Numeric |
The elemental compound concentration data for LIBS is also in the Sample PIXL data, though LIBS lacks a few of the elemental compounds that PIXL gives concentrations for. This enables comparison of these particular elemental compounds between the SuperCam scans and the physical samples.
LIBS Earth References
The SuperCam also took scans of Earth rock that the rover carried with it. These scans had "scct" in their target name and have been separated out of the v1_libs.Rds dataset into their own data set called v1_libs_earth_references.Rds.
The v1_libs_earth_references.Rds dataset consists of the same data as v1_libs.Rds with the exception of the "Cluster" column:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Character | Name of location the LIBS was pointed at | |
| Point | Factor | 1 - 28 | For each target, there are up to 28 "points" |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point |
| Lat | Numeric | Latitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Longitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Type | Character | What Earth rock is it a reference for | |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide at target point | |
| SiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Silicon dioxide | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide at target point | |
| TiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Titanium dioxide | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide at target point | |
| Al2O3_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Aluminum trioxide | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides at target point | |
| FeOT_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Iron oxides | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide at target point | |
| MgO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Magnesium oxide | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide at target point | |
| CaO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Calcium oxide | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide at target point | |
| Na2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Sodium oxide | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide at target point | |
| K2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Potassium oxide | |
| Total | Numeric | The sum of concentrations of elemental compounds | |
| distance_mm | Numeric | ||
| Tot.Em. | Numeric |
Sample data
The Sample data is all of the data that comes from the physical samples Perseverance collects from the surface of Mars.
The Sample data is split into four datasets, though only the first three are actually used in the Mars Mission Minder.
- Meta Data
- All the meta data related to the physical samples
- PIXL data
- All the elemental compound concentration data related to the physical samples
- SHERLOC data
- All the data relating to mineral presence at the physical samples
- Lithology data
- Not used, since it is the binary representation of SHERLOC data. Proof of this can be found in section 5 of roberd10_final.Rmd.
Meta Data
v1_sample_meta.Rds is the data set containing all of the meta data relating to the physical samples. It can be connected to PIXL, Lithology, or SHERLOC data based on "Sample" number.
v1_sample_meta.Rds consists of the following data:
| Col name: | Data Type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Note that this sample number does not match the sample numbers in the analyst notebook and initial reports |
| Name | Character | Unique name given to each sample | |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since the start of mission) that the sample was taken |
| Lat | Numeric | Latitude of where the sample was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Longitude of where the sample was taken | |
| Abrasion | Factor | The name of the bit of rock they abraided | |
| Campaign | Factor | "Crater Floor" or "Delta Front" | Indicates whether the sample location was in the crater floor or at the delta front |
| Type | Factor | "Sedimentary", "Igneous", or "Atmospheric" | Indicates the type of rock the sample is. |
| SampleType | Factor | "rock core", "regolith", or "atmospheric" | Indicates how the sample was obtained |
PIXL
v1_pixl.Rds is the dataset containing the elemental compound concentration data for all the physical samples collected by Perseverance. This dataset can be linked to all the other Sample data sets based on the "Sample" number.
v1_pixl.Rds contains the following data:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Sample number used to connect with Meta Data |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide in sample | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide in sample | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide in sample | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides in sample | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide in sample | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide in sample | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide in sample | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide in sample | |
| P2O5 | Numeric | Concentration of Phosphorus pentoxide in sample | |
| SO3 | Numeric | Concentration of Sulfur trioxide in sample | |
| Cl | Numeric | Concentration of Chlorine in sample | |
| Cr2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Chromium oxide in sample | |
| MnO | Numeric | Concentration of Manganese oxide in sample |
Sherloc
v1_sherloc.Rds is the dataset containing the information on the (level of) presence of various minerals in the physical Samples. Like PIXL, SHERLOC can be connected to the other Sample data sets by the "Sample" number.
v1_sherloc.Rds contains the following data:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Sample number used to connect with Meta Data |
| Plagioclase | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Plagioclase in sample |
| Sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Sulfate in sample |
| Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Ca-sulfate in sample |
| Hydrated Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Hydrated Ca-sulfate in sample |
| Mg-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Mg-sulfate in sample |
| Hydrated Sulfates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Hydrated Sulfates in sample |
| Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate in sample |
| Perchlorates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Perchlorates in sample |
| Na-perchlorate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Na-perchlorate in sample |
| Amorphous Silicate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Amorphous Silicate in sample |
| Phosphate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Phosphate in sample |
| Pyroxene | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Pyroxene in sample |
| Olivine | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Olivine in sample |
| Carbonate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Carbonate in sample |
| Fe-Mg carbonate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Fe-Mg carbonate in sample |
| Hydrated Carbonates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Hydrated Carbonates in sample |
| Disordered Silicates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Disordered Silicates in sample |
| Feldspar | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Feldspar in sample |
| Quartz | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Quartz in sample |
| Apatite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Apatite in sample |
| FeTi oxides | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of FeTi oxides in sample |
| Halite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Halite in sample |
| Iron oxide | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Iron oxide in sample |
| Hydrated Iron oxide | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Hydrated Iron oxide in sample |
| Organic matter | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Organic matter in sample |
| Sulfate+Organic matter | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Sulfate+Organic matter in sample |
| Other hydrated phases | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Other hydrated phases in sample |
| Phyllosilicates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Phyllosilicates in sample |
| Chlorite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Chlorite in sample |
| Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) in sample |
| Chromite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Chromite in sample |
| Ilmenite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Ilmenite in sample |
| Zircon/Baddeleyite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Zircon/Baddeleyite in sample |
| Fe-Mg-clay minerals | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Fe-Mg-clay minerals in sample |
| Spinels | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 | Level of certainty in presence of Spinels in sample |
Lithology
v1_lithology.Rds is the dataset containing the (binary) information on the presence of various minerals in the physical Samples. Like PIXL & SHERLOC, Lithology can be connected to the other Sample data sets by the "Sample" number.
v1_lithology.Rds contains the following data:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Sample number used to connect with Meta Data |
| Plagioclase | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Plagioclase in sample |
| Sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Sulfate in sample |
| Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Ca-sulfate in sample |
| Hydrated Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Hydrated Ca-sulfate in sample |
| Mg-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Mg-sulfate in sample |
| Hydrated Sulfates | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Hydrated Sulfates in sample |
| Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate in sample |
| Perchlorates | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Perchlorates in sample |
| Na-perchlorate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Na-perchlorate in sample |
| Amorphous Silicate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Amorphous Silicate in sample |
| Phosphate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Phosphate in sample |
| Pyroxene | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Pyroxene in sample |
| Olivine | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Olivine in sample |
| Carbonate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Carbonate in sample |
| Fe-Mg carbonate | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Fe-Mg carbonate in sample |
| Hydrated Carbonates | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Hydrated Carbonates in sample |
| Disordered Silicates | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Disordered Silicates in sample |
| Feldspar | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Feldspar in sample |
| Quartz | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Quartz in sample |
| Apatite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Apatite in sample |
| FeTi oxides | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of FeTi oxides in sample |
| Halite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Halite in sample |
| Iron oxide | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Iron oxide in sample |
| Hydrated Iron oxide | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Hydrated Iron oxide in sample |
| Organic matter | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Organic matter in sample |
| Sulfate+Organic matter | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Sulfate+Organic matter in sample |
| Other hydrated phases | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Other hydrated phases in sample |
| Phyllosilicates | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Phyllosilicates in sample |
| Chlorite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Chlorite in sample |
| Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) in sample |
| Chromite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Chromite in sample |
| Ilmenite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Ilmenite in sample |
| Zircon/Baddeleyite | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Zircon/Baddeleyite in sample |
| Fe-Mg-clay minerals | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Fe-Mg-clay minerals in sample |
| Spinels | Factor | 0 or 1 | Presence of Spinels in sample |
Connecting LIBS data to Sample data
Both LIBS and PIXl data are looking at the elemental compound concentrations, but they come from different instruments on the Perseverance rover. Margo and Charlotte created a dataset that connects the SuperCam scans with the Sample Abrasions based on location. This dataset is v1_libs_to_sample.Rds. Its creation can be found described in vanesm_finalProjectF24.Rmd and peterc_finalProjectF24.Rmd.
v1_libs_to_sample.Rds contains the following data:
(Note that a lot of the data in this dataset is "Fluff", as in it is repeated data not actually required for its function (linking the LIBS data to the Sample data). The required columns are in bold italic, the rest aren't.)
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target.libs | Character | Name of location the LIBS was taken | |
| Point.libs | Factor | 1 - 28 | For each target, there are up to 28 "points" |
| Sol.libs | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point was taken |
| Lat.libs | Numeric | Where the rover was when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon.libs | Numeric | Where the rover was when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Distance | Numeric | > 0 | How far the nearest sample abrasion is from this LIBS scan |
| Abrasion.pixl | Factor | The name of the nearest abrasion to this LIBS scan | |
| Campaign.pixl | Factor | "Crater Floor" or "Delta Front" | Campaign of the nearest abrasion to this LIBS scan |
| Lat.pixl | Numeric | Where the nearest abrasion is | |
| Lon.pixl | Numeric | Where the nearest abrasion is | |
| SiO2.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide at target point | |
| TiO2.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide at target point | |
| Al2O3.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide at target point | |
| FeOT.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides at target point | |
| MgO.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide at target point | |
| CaO.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide at target point | |
| Na2O.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide at target point | |
| K2O.libs | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide at target point |
Mineral types
Our final data set, aqueous.Rds, isn't actually from Perseverance. This data set describes each Mineral, and splits them up into groups that can be used for analysis in the Mission Minder.
For details on the creation of this dataset, look at walczd3_finalProjectF24.Rmd.
aqueous.Rds contains the following data:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Character | List of minerals from SHERLOC | |
| common_mineral | Character* | What type of mineral is it? (Sulfate, Carbonate, Quartz, etc.) | |
| aqueous | Numeric* | 0 or 1 | Binary true (1) or false (0) |
| formula | Character | The chemical formula for the mineral |
* Note that "common_mineral" should probably be factor rather than character type and that "aqueous" could just as well be binary or factor rather than numeric type.