Dataset Description
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For the Perseverance mission, we have two sources of data:
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
- Physical samples taken from the ground (Samples)
In addition to the data received from Perseverance, we have a dataset linking the LIBS data to the Sample data and we have a dataset detailing features of the various Minerals involved in the Sample data.
The following four sections will go into the details of the datasets involved in these groups. To see the process of creating these datasets look at v1_consistent_data_namind.Rmd. To see where the data came from and discussion on how to update or edit these data sets look at section 3 of roberd10_final.Rmd.
LIBS
The LIBS data comes from Perseverance's SuperCam laser, which it points at rock and scans for the concentration of elemental compounds.
Of the LIBS data, we have two types.
- LIBS scans of Mars rock
- LIBS scans of Earth rock taken to Mars to be used for calibration (scct)
LIBS Scans
This is the LIBS scans of rock actually on mark, you can find this dataset on GitHub here v1_libs.Rds.
The v1_libs.Rds dataset consists of the following columns:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Character | Name of location the LIBS was pointed at | |
| Point | Factor | 1 - 28 | For each target, there are up to 28 "points" |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point |
| Lat | Numeric | Latitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Longitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Type | Character | What is it a scan of? (Sample, AEGIS, other?) | |
| Cluster | Factor | 1 - 4 | What cluster the LIBS point is in in our most common clustering method |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide at target point | |
| SiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Silicon dioxide | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide at target point | |
| TiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Titanium dioxide | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide at target point | |
| Al2O3_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Aluminum trioxide | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides at target point | |
| FeOT_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Iron oxides | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide at target point | |
| MgO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Magnesium oxide | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide at target point | |
| CaO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Calcium oxide | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide at target point | |
| Na2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Sodium oxide | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide at target point | |
| K2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Potassium oxide | |
| Total | Numeric | The sum of concentrations of elemental compounds | |
| distance_mm | Numeric | ||
| Tot.Em. | Numeric |
The elemental compound concentration data for LIBS is the also in the Sample PIXL data, though LIBS lacks a few of the elemental compounds that PIXL gives concentrations for. This enables comparison of these particular elemental compounds between the SuperCam scans and the physical samples.
LIBS Earth References
The SuperCam also took scans of Earth rock that the rover carried with it. These scans had "scct" in their target name and have been separated out of the v1_libs.Rds dataset into their own data set called v1_libs_earth_references.Rds.
The v1_libs_earth_references.Rds dataset consists of the same data as v1_libs.Rds with the exception of the "Cluster" column:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target | Character | Name of location the LIBS was pointed at | |
| Point | Factor | 1 - 28 | For each target, there are up to 28 "points" |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point |
| Lat | Numeric | Latitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Longitude of the rover when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Type | Character | What is it a scan of? (Sample, AEGIS, other?) | |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide at target point | |
| SiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Silicon dioxide | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide at target point | |
| TiO2_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Titanium dioxide | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide at target point | |
| Al2O3_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Aluminum trioxide | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides at target point | |
| FeOT_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Iron oxides | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide at target point | |
| MgO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Magnesium oxide | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide at target point | |
| CaO_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Calcium oxide | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide at target point | |
| Na2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Sodium oxide | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide at target point | |
| K2O_stdev | Numeric | Standard deviation of concentration of Potassium oxide | |
| Total | Numeric | The sum of concentrations of elemental compounds | |
| distance_mm | Numeric | ||
| Tot.Em. | Numeric |
Sample data
The Sample data is all of the data that comes from the physical samples Perseverance collects from the surface of Mars.
The Sample data is split into four datasets, though only the first three are actually used in the Mars Mission Minder.
- Meta Data
- All the meta data related to the physical samples
- PIXL data
- All the elemental compound concentration data related to the physical samples
- SHERLOC data
- All the data relating to mineral presence at the physical samples
- Lithology data
- Not used, since it is the binary representation of SHERLOC data. Proof of this can be found in section 5 of roberd10_final.Rmd.
Meta Data
v1_sample_meta.Rds is the data set containing all of the meta data relating to the physical samples. It can be connected to PIXL, Lithology, or SHERLOC data based on "Sample" number.
v1_sample_meta.Rds consists of the following data:
| Col name: | Data Type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Note that this sample number does not match the sample numbers in the analyst notebook and initial reports |
| Name | Character | Unique name given to each sample | |
| Sol | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since the start of mission) that the sample was taken |
| Lat | Numeric | Where the sample was taken | |
| Lon | Numeric | Where the sample was taken | |
| Abrasion | Factor | The name of the bit of rock they abraided | |
| Campaign | Factor | "Crater Floor" or "Delta Front" | Indicates whether the sample location was in the crater floor or at the delta front |
| Type | Factor | "Sedimentary", "Igneous", or "Atmospheric" | Indicates the type of rock the sample is. |
| SampleType | Factor | "rock core", "regolith", or "atmospheric" | Indicates how the sample was obtained |
PIXL
v1_pixl.Rds is the dataset containing the elemental compound concentration data for all the physical samples collected by Perseverance. This dataset can be linked to all the other Sample data sets based on the "Sample" number.
v1_pixl.Rds contains the following data:
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 | Note that this sample number does not match the sample numbers in the analyst notebook and initial reports |
| SiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Silicon dioxide in sample | |
| TiO2 | Numeric | Concentration of Titanium dioxide in sample | |
| Al2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Aluminum trioxide in sample | |
| FeOT | Numeric | Concentration of Iron oxides in sample | |
| MgO | Numeric | Concentration of Magnesium oxide in sample | |
| CaO | Numeric | Concentration of Calcium oxide in sample | |
| Na2O | Numeric | Concentration of Sodium oxide in sample | |
| K2O | Numeric | Concentration of Potassium oxide in sample | |
| P2O5 | Numeric | Concentration of Phosphorus pentoxide in sample | |
| SO3 | Numeric | Concentration of Sulfur trioxide in sample | |
| Cl | Numeric | Concentration of Chlorine in sample | |
| Cr2O3 | Numeric | Concentration of Chromium oxide in sample | |
| MnO | Numeric | Concentration of Manganese oxide in sample |
Sherloc
Starts with the sample number. Following columns are all factor data representing the certainty in the presence of minerals. This is discrete data though, with the only options being "0" (No detection), "0.25" (Possible but not confirmed), "0.5" (Almost certain, working on confirming), "0.75" (?), and "1" (confirmed).
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: |
|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 |
| Plagioclase | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Hydrated Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Mg-sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Hydrated Sulfates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Perchlorates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Na-perchlorate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Amorphous Silicate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Phosphate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Pyroxene | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Olivine | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Carbonate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Fe-Mg carbonate | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Hydrated Carbonates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Disordered Silicates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Feldspar | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Quartz | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Apatite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| FeTi oxides | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Halite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Iron oxide | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Hydrated Iron oxide | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Organic matter | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Sulfate+Organic matter | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Other hydrated phases | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Phyllosilicates | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Chlorite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Chromite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Ilmenite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Zircon/Baddeleyite | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Fe-Mg-clay minerals | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
| Spinels | Factor | 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, or 1 |
Lithology
Starts with the sample number. Following columns are all factor data (binary 0 or 1) representing the presence or absence of minerals.
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: |
|---|---|---|
| Sample | Integer | 1 - 24 |
| Plagioclase | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Hydrated Ca-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Mg-sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Hydrated Sulfates | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Hydrated Mg-Fe sulfate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Perchlorates | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Na-perchlorate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Amorphous Silicate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Phosphate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Pyroxene | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Olivine | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Carbonate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Fe-Mg carbonate | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Hydrated Carbonates | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Disordered Silicates | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Feldspar | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Quartz | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Apatite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| FeTi oxides | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Halite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Iron oxide | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Hydrated Iron oxide | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Organic matter | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Sulfate+Organic matter | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Other hydrated phases | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Phyllosilicates | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Chlorite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Kaolinite (hydrous Al-clay) | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Chromite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Ilmenite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Zircon/Baddeleyite | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Fe-Mg-clay minerals | Factor | 0 or 1 |
| Spinels | Factor | 0 or 1 |
LIBS to PIXL distances
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target.libs | Character | Name of location the LIBS was taken | |
| Point.libs | Factor | 1 - 28 | |
| Sol.libs | Numeric | Int > 0 | The Mars day (since start of mission) that the rover took the LIBS point was taken |
| Lat.libs | Numeric | Where the rover was when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Lon.libs | Numeric | Where the rover was when the LIBS point was taken | |
| Distance | Numeric | > 0 | How far the nearest sample is from this LIBS scan |
| Abrasion.pixl | Factor | The name of the nearest abrasion to this LIBS scan | |
| Campaign.pixl | Factor | "Crater Floor" or "Delta Front" | Campaign of the nearest abrasion to this LIBS scan |
| Lat.pixl | Numeric | Where the nearest abrasion is | |
| Lon.pixl | Numeric | Where the nearest abrasion is | |
| SiO2.libs | Numeric | ||
| TiO2.libs | Numeric | ||
| Al2O3.libs | Numeric | ||
| FeOT.libs | Numeric | ||
| MgO.libs | Numeric | ||
| CaO.libs | Numeric | ||
| Na2O.libs | Numeric | ||
| K2O.libs | Numeric |
Mineral types
| Col name: | Data type: | Levels: | What: |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Character | List of minerals from SHERLOC | |
| common_mineral | Character | What type of mineral is it? (Sulfate, Carbonate, Quartz, etc.) | |
| aqueous | Numeric | 0 or 1 | Binary true (1) or false (0) |
| formula | Character | The chemical formula for the mineral |